A volatile organic compound (VOC) is to be adsorbed from air onto a bed of activated carbon. The equilibrium capacity of activated carbon at the feed conditions is . The column contains of cross-section. The feed rate into the adsorber column is . Breakthrough time is defined as the time at which the concentration at the exit of the bed () reaches a value of , where is the concentration of VOC in the feed. The breakthrough time for the bed is . The area under the curve between the initial and breakthrough times is . Which one of the following is the fraction of unused bed at breakthrough?
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